CULTURAL IDENTITY PRESERVATION OF CHINESE ORPHANS FROM THE POST-WORLD WAR II ERA: JAPANCHINA FRIENDSHIP ASSOCIATION FOR NPO CHINA RETURNEES IN JAPAN & FUTURE SCOPE DIRECTIONS

Abstract

This study examines the cultural identity of Chinese orphans from the post-World War II era through documentary research and fieldwork, analyzing the formation of their identity and heritage practices within a distinctive historical context. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews employing purposive sampling with seven key representative informants. Particular attention is given to the role of the Japan-China Friendship Association for NPO China Returnees in supporting returnees and sustaining cultural identity. The findings indicate that Northeast China, where most orphans were raised, profoundly shaped their identity through everyday cultural influences, including cuisine, daily practices, and festive traditions. Following repatriation to Japan, they faced significant challenges such as language barriers, employment difficulties, and social integration.